Method of waterproofing buildings, &amp;c.



PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

A. GROSS & A. U. HORN. METHOD OF WATERPROOFING BUILDINGS, &0.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1. 1903 a 6 0h? 05 2. JJ

UNITED STATES PATENT orinon.

AUGUST (ii-ROSS AND AARON C. l-lOltN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; SAID GROSS ASSIGNOR TO SAll) HORN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 5, mos.

Application filed December 1, 1903. Serial No. 183 423.

Waterproofing Buildings, 620., of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved method for waterproofing or damp-proofing floors, walls, roofs, &c., of buildings, tunnels, &c.; and its object is to reduce the costand improve the quality and durability of the waterproofing.

' In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view'illustrating one method of waterproofing the floor of a hospital, stable, or other building. Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating how our novel damp-proofing course may be carried interiorly of a wall during the erection thereof. Fig. 3 illustrates one method, and Fig. 4 another method, of overlapping sheets used in waterproofing.

In the several views like signs denote like parts.

In carrying out our invention there is applied to the floor 1a coating 2, consisting of a compound of asphalt, oil, and cement. This is covered with sheeting or sheets 3 of waterproofing quality, each sheet preferably consisting of plies 4 and 5, of fabric, united by a compound 6 of asphalt and oil. After the floor is covered with the sheeting a coating 7, of asphalt, oil, and cement, is applied, and

. then the top flooring is laid, which may consist of boards or cement.

The compound employed for the coats 2 and 7 preferably consists of asphalt or asphaltum mixed with sufficient pine-oil to render the compound liquid and also with suflicient linseed-oil to flux the asphalt and the pine-oil, Portland cement being added to render the compound better adapted for its purpose. In producing this compound as phaltum of a hi h grade may be refined, the heat required eing about 400. It becomes a thick liquid, into which linseed-oil is slowly poured. Then pine-oil is added, and the compound is stirred until it is thoroughly mixed. The pine-oil is a non-drying oil, and the compound remains li uid for a long time and may be applied co (1' to the floor. Portland cement is usually added shortly before the compound is to be applied to a iloor, wall, or roof. .The compound is not only damp )roof, but also acts as a filler for crevices or 010s in the wall or lloor. It is recommended that the pine-oil and linseed-oil be in about equal proportions and form about one fourth, by weight, of the componud and also that the asphalt and Portland cement be in about equal proportions, by weight, the quantity of-cement being preferably less than that of asphalt. In practice iive hundred pounds of asphaltum and four hundred and seventy-five pounds of Portland cement are compounded with one hundred and twenty pounds each of linseedoil and pine-oil. The addition of other ingredients may be resorted to.

The compound is applied cold by a brush or other means, and the sheeting readily adheres thereto. been employed for like purposes it has beennecessary to heat the tar, which required skilled labor and was otherwise expensive and tedious, while the present method may be carried out by unskilled labor and rapidly.

The compound 6 used in the sheeting is similar to that already described, but preferably without the cement. This sheeting is waterproof and plastic and can therefore adapt itself to corners and irregular surfaces Without danger of breakin or tearing. It may be applied cold by unskilled labor.

.Upon the coating 7 may be applied, if desired, another layer of sheeting topped by another coating of the compound.

It will be seen that by this method eachply 4 or 5 of the fabric becomes faced upon each side with a compound of asphalt and oil, thus making a thin reliable waterproof course that is not liable to chip or crack or otherwise deteriorate.

Other bituminous material may be used as a base. Other oils may be used, such as fishoil or paraflin. Plaster-of-paris or. other cement may in some instances be used in place of Portland cement, although the latter is preferred.

The sheets 3 may be overlapped in several ways. One Way is illustrated in Fig. 1, in which the ed e of one sheet overlies the edge of the next, the two sheets being united by an application 8 of the asphalt compound, preferably that containing the cement. Another way of overlapping is illustrated at Heretofore where tar has I Fig. 3, in which the edge of each sheet is split,

or, rather, the plies are separated, and the edges are then meshed to ether, as at 9. At Fig. 4, which is the prelerred method, the edge of one sheet is opened and the unopened edge of the other sheet is inserted, as at 10. After the sheets are laid the overlapping portions are preferably subjected to pressure and heat, as by means of a hot roller, thereby firmly uniting the sheets.

In proofing a floor the first step is to apply the com ound of asphalt, oil, and cement to the her er of the floor and to the lower portion of the contiguous wall and to apply upon said compound a strip or flashing 11 of the sheeting already described, so as to cover the joint between the floor and wall, a single strip lying partly upon the floor and partly against the wall, as at Fig. 1. Upon this strip is then applied a coating of the compound, as at 12, which is also then applied to the main portion of the floor. The sheeting 3 is then applied over the floor and over the portions of the strip lying upon the floor. By this means the joint between the floor and the wall is sealed and the liability of a crack occuring in the course at said joint is avoided.

At Fig. 2 is illustrated.diagrammaticall a wall 13, into which is built a waterproo g course 14, which course may comprise coatings of compound with an intermediate la er of the described sheeting and may exten zi za form as illustrated. The course ma I g g 3 I be formed cold and the bricks may be col and owing to the plastic nature of both the sheeting and the compound there is no liability of a break occurring at the corners in the course, while the course adapts itself nicely to the bricks and tends to strengthen rather than weaken the wall. The course is seen extended at 15 to cover the floor.

The application of the waterproofing compound to the boards of the roof or wall or floor fills up all cracks, joints, and pores, and this gives protection against water leaking through the roof in the event that through accident or injury to the superposed layers water should come into contact with the roof. This compound adheres strongly to the roof, Wall, or fioor. When the roof or the like contracts or expands or settles or warps, the said compound, which remains permanently plastic, does not bend in such a manner as to crack and does not separate from the roof or wall or floor, but accommodates all changes therein Without losing its characteristics or uality. The fabric which is used in the proofin has similar qualities of plasticity or pliab' ity and unbreakableness, and all of the layers of material and fabric taken together form a single permanently-plastic roofing or covering which cannot be separated under ordinary circumstances from the wall or the like which it protects, nor can it break and let the dampness in, either at the exposed corners or elsewhere, nor will the enormous pressure to which the proofing layers are subjected in underground work, as in many-storied subcellars or in subaqueous tunnels, have a deleterious effect upon the proofing, which under all conditions now known retains permanen'tly'its plastic and damp-proof qualities. The brittleness, which has heretofore proved a source of trouble for these purposes, is wholly avoided. The first layer of compound adheres tenaciously to the wall or the like,and the sheeting adheres likewise to said layer, and as each successive layer of sheeting and compound is applied the whole becomes a thick plastic sheet which is thoroughly adhesive to the wall, roof, or floor, and as the whole remains in a flexible and plastic state it will expand and contract in conformity with the expansion and contraction of the roof or the like. By means of the interlapping edges a continuous proofing or plastic sheet is formed without the use ofnails, and hence ada ted lti stone walls, concrete foundations, am? the Having thus described our invention, We claim 1. A method of waterproofing flooring, comprising applying a compound of asphalt and oil to the border of the floor and to the lower portion ofthe contiguous wall,'applying upon saidcompound a strip or flashing so as to cover the joint between the floor and the Wall, applying said compound to said strip or flashing and to themain portion of the floor, applying a sheeting to cover the floor and the portion of said strip which lies upon the floor, and then applying a coating of said compound.

2. A method of waterproofing flooring, comprising applying a compound of asphalt, oil and cement to the border of the floor and to the lower portion of the contiguous wall, applying upon said compound a strip or flashing so as to cover the joint between the floor and the wall, applying said compound upon said strip or flashing and also upon the main portion of the floor, applying asheeting to cover the floor and the portion of said strip which lies upon the floor, and then applyin a coating of said compound; said strip an said sheeting comprising plies of fabric united by a compound of asphalt and oil.

AUGUST GROSS. AARON O. HORN. Witnesses: I

HERMAN M. SCHAAP, WM. P. ScHoEN. 

